ENDODONTIC FLAREUP

The document reviews endodontic flare-ups, a significant complication of root canal treatment characterized by severe pain, swelling, or both, occurring within hours or days after treatment and often requiring an unscheduled emergency visit. It comprehensively discusses the definition, classification, incidence, etiology, inflammatory mechanisms, prevention, and management of flare-ups, emphasizing evidence from classical endodontic literature and contemporary research. Historically, flare-ups gained attention during the 1980s with increased research and discussions by the American Association of Endodontists, leading to a better understanding of their causes and management. The document traces the evolution of the concept and highlights important milestones in endodontic literature. Flare-ups are classified according to clinical presentation (pain with or without swelling), timing (inter-appointment or post-obturation), etiology (mechanical, chemical, or microbial), severity (mild, moderate, severe), and pulpal/periapical status (vital or necrotic teeth). This classification aids clinicians in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment planning.