Endoscopy in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Fiber optic endoscopes now has widespread use in medicine and has become a guide to a myriad of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures because of the lower morbidity rates associated with smaller incisions, and less exposures surgical techniques, which helped it in rapidly getting acceptance.Endoscopic sinus surgery was first performed in the 1970s and became the standard of care in the 1980s. Since then, the indications for endoscopic head and neck surgery have continued to expand, with applications in otology middle ear endoscopy, skull base surgery (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] leak management, optic nerve decompression , tumor resection), neck surgery (thyroid and parathyroid), and dacryocystorhinostomy.In recent decades, there has been a increase in wider exposures in fracture surgeries due to its ability to ensure accurate bony repositioning. However, recent experiences have suggested that the use of endoscopes, as in other minimally invasive procedures, may allow repair of facial fractures through smaller incisions with less-extensive exposure. Early applications for endoscopic treatment of facial trauma included subcondylar fractures of the mandible and orbital blow out fractur